快速成型的基本理論

Basic theory of rapid prototyping

快速原型設(shè)計屬于離散/批量原型設(shè)計。它從成型原理上提出了一種新的思維模式，即對計算機上制作的零件的三維模型進(jìn)行網(wǎng)格化存儲，并對其進(jìn)行分層處理，得到截面的二維輪廓信息。每一層的。根據(jù)輪廓信息自動生成加工路徑，并在控制系統(tǒng)的控制下，成型頭選擇性地將成型材料逐層固化或切割，形成每一個橫截面輪廓板，并逐漸依次疊加成一個三維的毛坯，然后對毛坯進(jìn)行后處理。，形成零件。

Rapid prototyping belongs to discrete / batch prototyping. It puts forward a new thinking mode from the forming principle, that is, the three-dimensional model of the part made on the computer is meshed and stored, and it is processed in layers to obtain the two-dimensional contour information of the section. On each floor. The processing path is automatically generated according to the contour information, and under the control of the control system, the forming head selectively solidifies or cuts the forming materials layer by layer to form each cross-section contour plate, and gradually superimposes it into a three-dimensional blank, and then carries out post-processing on the blank., Form parts.

快速成型的基本理論過程

Basic theory and process of rapid prototyping

構(gòu)建產(chǎn)品的3D模型。由于RP系統(tǒng)是由3DCAD模型直接驅(qū)動的，因此必須先構(gòu)建待加工工件的3DCAD模型。3DCAD模型可以使用計算機輔助設(shè)計軟件（如Pro/E、I-DEAS、SolidWorks、NX等）直接構(gòu)建，也可以將現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品的2D圖紙轉(zhuǎn)換成3D模型，或者對產(chǎn)品實體進(jìn)行3D模型。通過激光掃描和CT斷層掃描獲取點云數(shù)據(jù)，然后利用逆向工程方法構(gòu)建3D模型。

Build a 3D model of the product. Since the RP system is directly driven by the 3dcad model, the 3dcad model of the workpiece to be processed must be constructed first. 3dcad model can be built directly by using computer-aided design software (such as Pro / E, I-DEAS, Solidworks, NX, etc.), or convert 2D drawings of existing products into 3D models, or 3D models of product entities. The point cloud data is obtained by laser scanning and CT tomography, and then the 3D model is constructed by reverse engineering method.

3D模型的近似處理。由于產(chǎn)品往往存在一些不規(guī)則的自由曲面，因此在處理前應(yīng)對模型進(jìn)行近似處理，以方便后續(xù)數(shù)據(jù)處理。由于STL格式文件格式簡單實用，已成為快速成型領(lǐng)域的準(zhǔn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)接口文件。它使用一系列小三角形平面來近似原始模型。每個小三角形由3個頂點坐標(biāo)和一個法向量描述。三角形的大小可根據(jù)精度要求選擇。STL文件有兩種輸出形式，二進(jìn)制代碼和ASCII代碼。二進(jìn)制碼輸出形式占用的空間比ASCII碼輸出形式要小很多，但是ASCII碼輸出形式是可以讀取和檢查的。典型的CAD軟件具有STL格式文件的轉(zhuǎn)換和導(dǎo)出功能。

Approximate processing of 3D model. Because there are often some irregular free-form surfaces in products, the model should be approximated before processing to facilitate subsequent data processing. Due to its simple and practical format, STL format file has become a quasi standard interface file in the field of rapid prototyping. It uses a series of small triangular planes to approximate the original model. Each small triangle is described by three vertex coordinates and a normal vector. The size of the triangle can be selected according to the accuracy requirements. STL files have two output forms, binary code and ASCII code. The space occupied by the output form of binary code is much smaller than that of ASCII code, but the output form of ASCII code can be read and checked. Typical CAD software has the function of converting and exporting STL format files.

切片3D模型。根據(jù)待加工模型的特點，選擇合適的加工方向，在成型高度方向上以一定間隔用一系列平面切割近似模型，從而提取斷面的輪廓信息。間距一般為0.05mm0.5mm，常用0.1mm。間隔越小，成型精度越高，但成型時間越長，效率越低，反之，精度低，但效率高。

Slice 3D model. According to the characteristics of the model to be machined, select the appropriate machining direction, and cut the approximate model with a series of planes at a certain interval in the direction of molding height, so as to extract the profile information of the section. The spacing is generally 0.05mm to 0.5mm, usually 0.1mm. The smaller the interval, the higher the forming accuracy, but the longer the forming time, the lower the efficiency. On the contrary, the accuracy is low, but the efficiency is high.

山東快速成型根據(jù)切片過程的斷面輪廓，在計算機的控制下，根據(jù)每個斷面輪廓，對應(yīng)的成型頭（激光頭或噴嘴）；成型零件的后處理。成型零件從成型系統(tǒng)中取出，并在高溫爐中研磨、拋光或后燒結(jié)，以進(jìn)一步提高其強度。

Shandong rapid prototyping according to the section profile of the slicing process, under the control of the computer, according to each section profile, the corresponding forming head (laser head or nozzle); Post treatment of formed parts. The formed parts are removed from the forming system and ground, polished or sintered in a high-temperature furnace to further improve their strength.

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